Bound by low cliffs and erosion, canyons are deep, narrow valleys in the crust that evoke superlatives and a sense of wonder. Layers of rock history diagram regional geology, as the summary of a scientific text.
The morphologies commonly break parched land where rivers are the main force of sculpting the earth. They are also found on the ocean floor where the streams of the undercurrents to dig graves.
"Grand" is the word used to describe one of the most famous of all canyons. Cut by the Colorado River over the past million years, the Grand Canyon is 277 miles (446 kilometers) long, more than 5,000 feet (1,500 meters) deep, but only 18 miles (29 kilometers) across at its widest yawn .
Layers of rock in the Grand Canyon tell a lot about the formative years of the Colorado Plateau, a mountain built with two billion years, rock and then eroded, sediments deposited by an ancient sea, more mountains, more erosion, another sea, a burst of volcanic activity, and the birth of a river that has since dug the hole levels by washing away.
Each layer erodes differently. Some are crushed in the slopes, cliffs others. They stack together like a ladder that leads to drunk river's edge. A mixture of minerals gives each layer of a distinctive color of yellow-green, or red.
Types Canyon
Other canyon begins when a spring shoots from the base of a cliff, as if out of nowhere.These rocks are composed of permeable, or porous rock. Instead of scrolling down the cliff, the water seeps down into the rock until it reaches an impermeable layer below and is forced to miss the side. When the water comes out, the rock wall is weakened and eventually collapses. It forms a box canyon as sections of wall collapse and further behind in the ground. The heads of these canyons are marked on at least three sides by cliffs.
corridors are narrow slot canyon cut by eroding plateaus periodic outbursts of water flowing. Somewhat less than a meter, but the loss through several hundred feet to the floor.
Submarine canyons are similar to those on the ground in shape and form, but are cut by currents on the ocean floor. Many are the mere extension of a canyon of the river as it flows through the dump into the ocean and continental shelf. Others are gouged by turbidity currents that occasionally dive to the ocean floor
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